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Culture and Religion

The folk traditions and religious practices of urban Melungeon communities in Detroit were shaped by a mix of backwoods beliefs, faith based folk magic, and pagan-like rituals. Many families adhered to Holiness or Pentecostal faiths, but the more lax religious society of the North helped others, like my own, feel safe maintaining traditional practices and we leaned into herbal medicine, faith healing, omens, sacred spirits, and superstitions. Melungeon families, in particular, preserved many elements from our earlier spiritual based beliefs.  Despite urbanization, a lot of our traditional customs persist today from home gathering firecircles, small family churches, and old backwoods rituals. 

Image by JOHN TOWNER

Superstition

Superstitions continued to dictate everyday life for Urban Melungeons despite growing up near the city. From the way we planted our gardens to how we ran our households and celebrated our holidays, it was all driven by superstition. Examples can be seen through traditions like planting by the signs and making other basic life decisions based around the moons position in the zodiac at any given time. The use of spiritual objects like blood beads and blessery dolls, and superstitions surrounding birth and death are especially prevalent. These things are still driving factors in many traditions practiced today. Beliefs around being born under certain conditions may indicate things about an infant that make them especially gifted, wise, or sacred. Superstitions about animals were also especially common. Particularly around black animals like black cats, black dogs, and black hens.  Often times superstitions about black cats and black hens played a role folk magic practices that called for black hen feathers or black cat fur, or faith and folk healing methods involving a black hen egg, while superstitions about seeing black dogs indicated death is near.

Faithhealing

In a community with little access to healthcare due to discrimination, isolation, and poverty, faith healing was often relied on to save lives or cure ailments. This tradition continued in urban Melungeon communities due to distrust of Western Medicine. Examples of faithhealing include using bible verses to stop blood, talking the fire out of burns, charming warts away, and curing thrush.  Some believe these gifts are only given to the seventh son of a seventh son or the first daughter in an unbroken line of first daughters; while others believe they are passed on. When passed on it is often believed that it must be passed from male to female and vice versa, some believe it must be whispered, and some believe that once you pass it on you no longer possess the gift yourself.  Many times bible verses, prayer, and psalms are used in faithhealing, while others turn to snakehandling or baptism.  My Mamie was a faithhealer and midwife, there are many family stories about her speaking the heat out of burns, stopping blood, and delivering babies.  Blood beads and Blessery dolls are still traded in my communities and used in healing rituals. 

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Folk magic and medicine

Much like faithhealing and superstition, folk medicine and magic were often relied on for healing both physically and spiritually. Practices like Bearwalking, Hillbilly hoodoo, and something possibly known as Mekhashepha are all examples of folk magic and folk medicine practices held by Melungeon families.  Communities relied on their Mamie or yarb dr over professional healthcare for remedies and medicines. Many times these medicines included things like herbs, spices, minerals, and other substances used to create tonics, teas, salves, tinctures and other physical aids to help with ailments such as toothaches, wounds, headaches, congestion, cough, asthma, diaper rash, etc. The use of asfidity bags was common in warding off illness and black salves created for wounds and slivers. Using stump water for blemishes or dishrags to charm off warts are commonly used today as folk remedies. Folk magic and medicine was also relied on for healing the soul or spiritual warfare. Many people believed in crossings and hexings and used folk magic to ward them off or reverse them. Smoke cleansing, herbal baths, burying things at crossroads, making nannie dolls, using blue glass and haint blue paint to ward off haints, using red dirt and coal powder or iron rail spikes for protection of the home and other traditions are commonly seen to this day.
 

Religion

Though there is some record of Melungeon people being anti religious or practicing non abrahamic or polytheistic religions, it is commonly seen that by the end of the 19th century many that had stayed in Appalachia had assimilated into some form of Pentecostal or Primitive Baptist Church belief system, and those that had migrated out found Protestant churches or were thrown into Catholic Convents. The practice of Snake Handling* was also present in a good amount of Melungeon families, though this was mostly abandoned in the families that migrated out. While somewhat religious, our ancestors still believed in the power and spirit of the land and universe and didn't tend to view folk practices as sinful.  Melungeon families relied on religious superstitions to help deal with loss in the form of sin-eaters to relieve the deceased of sin and ensure their entry to heaven, and feather crowns as a sign their loved one had crossed on when found inside a feather pillow that belonged to the deceased. Today Melungeon people practice a large variety of religious or spiritual practices, some may not identify with any and some may be against religion.  Melungeon is not an ethnoreligious group and religion is not tied into our ethnic identity, and one should be wary of any claims that all Melungeon families practiced or were required to practice a specific religion to be considered Melungeon, our religious and spiritual views continue to vary just as they have in the past. 

*Presently, Snake Handling is illegal in multiple states and should only be practiced by trained professionals

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© K. R. B. MARTIN

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